Émile Boutroux

Étienne Émile Marie Boutroux was a French philosopher of science and a historian of philosophy. He was a firm opponent of materialism in science. He was a spiritualist philosopher who defended the idea that religion and science are compatible at a time when the power of science was rising inexorably. His work is overshadowed in the English-speaking world by that of the more celebrated Henri Bergson. He was elected membership of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques in 1898 and in 1912 to the Académie française.