Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

Elizabeth Stuart was born in Scotland on 19 August 1596, the only surviving daughter of James VI and I and Anne of Denmark, elder sister to the future Charles I. As a child she was unknowingly targeted by the Gunpowder Plot conspirators who planned to install her as a Catholic puppet queen. Her father instead married her to Frederick V of the Palatinate, a Protestant prince, in 1613 at Whitehall's Chapel Royal. When Bohemian nobles offered Frederick their crown in 1619, the couple's acceptance ignited the Thirty Years' War; his reign lasted one winter before they fled into exile at The Hague, where Elizabeth spent decades while war consumed Europe. Widowed, she returned to England near the end of her life during the Restoration of her nephew and died 13 February 1662, buried in Westminster Abbey. When the last Stuart monarch, her great-niece Anne, died in 1714, the British throne passed to Elizabeth's grandson George I, beginning Hanover's rule.