Djemal Pasha
Turkish general and politician (1872-1922) · Turkey · Politicians · Died at 50
Djemal Pasha is read about 713 times a day, in 41 languages.
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Something wrong?One of the three men who ruled the Ottoman Empire through its collapse in World War I, his name sits at the edge of the Armenian genocide - implicated, but less directly than his partners. The question of how much he knew, ordered, or resisted has never settled.
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Photos 8
Ahmed Djemal portrait Project Gutenberg eText 10338
"Secret diplomacy", Berghaus to Blohm+Voss, 1915 und 1916
Ahmet Cemal Paşa on the shore of the Dead Sea
Ahmet Cemal Paşa on the shore of the Dead Sea2
30 ג'מאל פאשא בהר הבית 1917
Ahmed Cemal Paşa and Erich von Falkenhayn
Ahmed Djemal at desk, 1915
Ahmet Cemal PaşaIn their own words 5
, With us it is not a question of Bolshevism or democracy, but of life or death. A decision in favor of a Soviet could not be opposed by the Young Turks.
I shall not return to Constantinople until I have conquered Egypt!
In the program of the Turkish government, nothing is said of a Turkification of the Arabs. I have never intended anything like that nor even thought of it.
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About this person
Ahmed Djemal Pasha was born on 6 May 1872 and rose through the Ottoman military, stationed in Salonica, where he joined the reformist Committee of Union and Progress. Early in his career he was praised by Christian missionaries and helped Armenian victims of the Adana massacres. He fought in the Balkan Wars, developed a bitter rivalry with Mustafa Kemal, and took command of Constantinople after the Raid on the Sublime Porte. Alongside Talaat and Enver, he became one of the Three Pashas who led the empire during the First World War; his three-year authoritarian rule in Syria alienated the population through forced Turkish nationalism. His role in the Armenian genocide remains disputed - his policies favored forced assimilation rather than the outright extermination pursued by other CUP leaders. After the 1918 Armistice of Mudros, the CUP fell, and Djemal fled; a Special Military Tribunal sentenced him to death in absentia. On 21 July 1922, members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation assassinated him in Tbilisi.
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