Chagatai Khan

Born around 1184 to Genghis Khan and Börte, Chagatai grew into a man known for strict adherence to Mongol custom and a temperament harsh enough to alienate his own brother. He rode with his siblings during the conquest of the Jin dynasty in 1211 and the invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire in 1219, handling both logistics and combat - until a bitter feud with his elder brother Jochi during the Siege of Gurganj earned him censure. Genghis, judging him too inflexible and unwilling to accept Jochi's legitimacy, denied him succession to the imperial throne. After the Khwarazmian campaign, Chagatai received vast Central Asian lands, which he governed with an iron grip, clashing with civil administrators like Mahmud Yalavach and counseling his younger brother Ögedei, the new khan. He died in 1242, shortly after Ögedei, leaving a khanate that bore his name for generations.