President of Italy from 1999 to 2006
He fought the Wehrmacht, then steered Italy's central bank through a currency collapse, cleaned house after the First Republic imploded, and put da Vinci's Vitruvian Man on the euro. Ciampi moved from combat to the Bank of Italy to the presidential palace without joining a party.
Carlo Azeglio Ciampi evaded Wehrmacht capture in 1943 and fought with the Italian resistance, then climbed the ranks of the Bank of Italy until becoming its governor in 1979. He devalued the lira in conflict with Prime Minister Bettino Craxi in the mid-1980s, and Italy pulled out of the European Monetary System in 1992. When the Tangentopoli scandal brought down the First Republic in 1993, President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro tapped the politically independent Ciampi as Prime Minister to address the corruption; he served briefly before Silvio Berlusconi's 1994 win launched the Second Republic. As Tr…
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