Ahmad Shah Durrani
Founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire (r. 1747-1772) · Historical Figures · Lived 1722 to 1772 · aged 50
Ahmad Shah Durrani is read about 704 times a day, in 71 languages.
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Something wrong?He carved an empire from the shattered remains of Nader Shah's domain and spent the next quarter-century marching armies across three continents. The sack of Delhi, the annihilation at Panipat, fifteen major campaigns in twenty-five years - Afghanistan's founding figure was a man who barely stopped moving.
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Portrait of Ahmad-Shah Durrani. Mughal miniature. ca. 1757, Bibliothèque nationale de France
A Qur'an dedicated to Ahmad Shah Durrani, signed Fayzullah, Afghanistan, dated 21 Rajab AH 1167 i.e. 14 May 1754 AD
Ahmad Shah Durani
Coin of Ahmad Shah Durrani, minted in Kabul
Coin of Ahmad Shah Durrani, minted in Lahore
Coin of Ahmad Shah Durrani, minted in Multan
Coin of Ahmad Shah Durrani, minted in Peshawar
Coin of Ahmad Shah Durrani, minted in SarhindIn their own words 10
, A new Muslim invader, Ahmad Shah Abdali, who tried to salvage the Muslim rule, had to give up after several attempts from 1748 to 1767 A.D.
Suddenly the breeze of victory began to blow, and as willed by Allah,the wretched Deccanis (Maratha's) suffered utter defeat.
But the Jat peasantry were determined that it was over their corpses that the ravager should enter the sacred capital of Braja.
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Born around 1720, Ahmad Khan Abdali rode with Nader Shah until the conqueror's assassination in 1747 fractured the Afsharid Empire. He seized the moment, took the name Durrani, and was crowned near Kandahar that same year. What followed was relentless: he invaded the Mughal Empire in 1748 and didn't stop for two decades, annexing Punjab and Kashmir, occupying Delhi in 1757, and commanding the Third Battle of Panipat - the largest clash of the eighteenth century - where Maratha armies were destroyed. Beyond India he fought the Afsharids in Khorasan, clashed with the Khanate of Bukhara in Afghan Turkestan, and even encountered Qing forces. The campaigns broke his body; he died in October 1772 in Maruf and was buried in his own mausoleum in Kandahar, having rarely lost but leaving India in chaos and Muslim power in the north in steep decline.
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