Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī

Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī (923–1023), full name ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbbās al-Baghdadi, was an Arab intellectual, writer, and philosopher of the 10th century. He is widely regarded as one of the most original and influential thinkers of the Islamic Golden Age. The biographer Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī famously described him as "the philosopher of litterateurs and the litterateur of philosophers." Despite his intellectual stature, al-Tawḥīdī was largely neglected by contemporaneous historians and biographers until Yāqūt documented his life in Muʿjam al-Udabāʾ, relying primarily on al-Tawḥīdī's own autobiographical writings.