Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani

ʿAbd al-Qāhir ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jurjānī, commonly known as Abd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī, was a Persian Sunni scholar based in Gorgan in the 4th century AH/11th century AD. He was a leading Arab grammarian and philologist in his day. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest literary theorists in medieval Islam. Al-Jurjānī is considered a founding figure in establishing Arabic rhetoric as an independent science. Widely regarded as a towering figure in the intellectual history of the Islamic Golden Age, al-Jurjānī transformed centuries of Arabic grammatical, philological, and poetic traditions into a rigorous theory of linguistic beauty centered on the concepts of eloquence (faṣāḥa) and syntactic harmony (naẓm).