Shah Rukh
Timurid ruler · Lived 1377 to 1447 · aged 69
Shah Rukh is read about 460 times a day, in 40 languages.
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Something wrong?The son who inherited half a world and chose not to conquer the rest. Shah Rukh took the eastern fragment of his father Timur's empire in 1405 and turned from warlord logic to something else: silk routes, diplomatic letters, and a court in Herat that made art instead of ruin.
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Photos 8
Contemporary portrait of Shah Rukh, painted in his lifetime in 1435-36, by commission of his son Ibrahim Sultan
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Contemporary portrait of Shah Rukh (1377-1447) commissioned by his son Ibrahim Sultan in the 1436 Zafarnama, showing Shah Rukh entering Samarkand as the new Governor in 1394
Contemporary portrait of Shah Rukh in the campaign against China in February 1405, after Timur's death. Facing folios 414r, 413vFamily
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Born 20 August 1377, Shah Rukh was the son of Timur, the Central Asian conqueror who founded the Timurid dynasty in 1370. When Timur died in 1405, the western territories collapsed to invaders; Shah Rukh held the eastern half - most of Persia and Transoxiana - and ruled it for forty-two years. He moved the capital from Samarqand to Herat, controlled the Silk Road and the main arteries between Asia and Europe, and grew immensely wealthy. Unlike his father, he governed not as a Turco-Mongol warlord but as an Islamic sultan: pious, diplomatic, modest, a patron of arts and sciences, focused on stability and relations with neighbouring kingdoms. Historians credit him with repairing much of the damage Timur caused. He died 13 March 1447, having kept a cohesive dominion and a dominant power in Asia intact through steadiness rather than conquest.
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