Muhammad Shah
12th Mughal Emperor from 1719 to 1748 · India · Lived 1702 to 1748 · aged 45
Muhammad Shah is read about 496 times a day, in 40 languages.
Counted to 16 September 2026, not since.
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Something wrong?The Mughal emperor who presided over empire's collapse while throwing legendary parties.
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Photos 8
Nidha Mal Jharokha portrait of Muhammad Shah holding an emerald and the mouthpiece of a huqqa ca. 1730 The San Diego Museum of Art
7 Muhammad Shah and Nadir Shah. 1740, Musee Guimet, Paris
A firework display for Muḥammad Sháh, portrayed seated and leaning against a bolster..jpg?width=1200)
A PORTRAIT OF THE MUGHAL EMPEROR MUHAMMAD SHAH (R. 1719-48)
A princess practices calligraphy
A standing portrait of Muhammad Shah holding a bow and arrow, as well as a huqqa pipe_by_Muhammad_Shah_Qajar_(3rd_Ruler_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty)_MET_DP-12710-002.jpg?width=1200)
Album Page with Calligraphy Exercise (siyah mashq) by Muhammad Shah Qajar (3rd Ruler of the Qajar Dynasty) MET DP-12710-002
Bodleian Library Indian paintings MS. Douce Or. a.3 fol14rIn their own words 2
, Beware! open your eyes and take a lesson from the Divine Providence, How our misdeeds have assumed a Nadir figure (wonderful figure).
He is Allãh, may He be glorified, the Most Exalted.
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Born Roshan Akhtar in 1702, he became emperor in 1719 only because the Sayyid Brothers of Barha needed a pliable teenager. By 1722 he'd orchestrated both their deaths - one murdered at Fatehpur Sikri, the other captured in battle and fatally poisoned - with help from Nizam-ul-Mulk. Free of his handlers, he turned the court into a center for music and art, earning the nickname "Rangila" (the colorful) and taking the pen-name Sadrang. The bloom didn't last. In 1739 Nader Shah's Persian army stormed into India, sacked Delhi, and left the capital stripped and the empire exposed as a shell. Muhammad Shah ruled until 1748, but the shock of that invasion - which horrified even the British watching from the margins - marked the point of no return.
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