12th Mughal Emperor from 1719 to 1748
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The Mughal emperor who presided over empire's collapse while throwing legendary parties. Muhammad Shah took the throne at 18 as a puppet of warlords, outlasted them through assassination and poison, then watched Nader Shah sack Delhi in 1739 and cart off the Peacock Throne — the humiliation that made clear the Mughals were done.
Born Roshan Akhtar in 1702, he became emperor in 1719 only because the Sayyid Brothers of Barha needed a pliable teenager. By 1722 he'd orchestrated both their deaths — one murdered at Fatehpur Sikri, the other captured in battle and fatally poisoned — with help from Nizam-ul-Mulk. Free of his handlers, he turned the court into a center for music and art, earning the nickname "Rangila" (the colorful) and taking the pen-name Sadrang. The bloom didn't last. In 1739 Nader Shah's Persian army stormed into India, sacked Delhi, and left the capital stripped and the empire exposed as a shell. Muhamma…
Sourced, dated quotes from Muhammad Shah
Beware! open your eyes and take a lesson from the Divine Providence, How our misdeeds have assumed a Nadir figure (wonderful figure).
He is Allãh, may He be glorified, the Most Exalted.
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India
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