Muhammad bin Tughluq
18th Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate and 2nd from the Tughluq dynasty · India · Lived 1290 to 1351 · aged 61
Muhammad bin Tughluq is read about 372 times a day, in 40 languages.
A typical day, 30 days to 17 September 2026
The middle day of the days counted, so one week of news cannot move it. The line under it is the last 362 days, one point a day.
Something wrong?The eighteenth Sultan of Delhi earned two nicknames that don't usually travel together: "The Mad Sultan" and "The Wisest Fool." Muhammad bin Tughluq spoke five languages and dabbled in medicine, but something in the gap between brilliance and paranoia made his court famous for reasons beyond conquest.
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Photos 8
Muhammad bin Tughlaq crop
Coin of Muhammad bin Tughluq
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Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah (cropped)
Firman of Sultan Muhammad b. Tughlaq Shah
Forced token currency coin of Muhammad bin Tughlak
Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne - Indian Museum, Kolkata
Painting depicting the court of Muhammad bin TughluqIn their own words 10
, At the end of the tenth century Turks from Afghanistan began raiding India, a country of enormous wealth, ripe for conquest and incorporation into the Islamic world.
The Sultan is not slack in jihad. He never lets go of his spear or bridle in pursuing jihad by land and sea routes. This is his main occupation which engages his eyes and ears.
The Sultan who is ruling at present has achieved that which had not been achieved so far by any king.
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Muhammad was born in 1290, the eldest son of the man who would found the Tughlaq dynasty. In 1321 his father sent him south to the Deccan Plateau to break the Kakatiya dynasty, and by 1323 the young commander had sieged Warangal and ended King Prataparudra's reign. Named Crown Prince as Jauna Khan, he took the throne in February 1325 when his father died. He ruled for twenty-six years, fluent in Persian, Hindavi, Arabic, Sanskrit, and Turkic, curious enough about medicine to study it. Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveler and jurist, spent time at his court and left a written record. The Sultan exhibited traits of paranoid personality disorder, and the contradictions earned him a third epithet: the Wisest Fool. He died in March 1351.
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