King of Portugal and the Algarves
A Portuguese king who won an empire in Morocco but lost a throne in Castile. Afonso V seized three cities across the Strait of Gibraltar, earned the name "the African," then gambled it all on a Castilian civil war that ended in abdication and a brief walk away from his own crown.
Afonso became King of Portugal at six in 1438, his early years consumed by a regency fight between his mother Eleanor and his uncle Pedro, Duke of Coimbra. Pedro won the regency in 1439 but court rivals kept pushing, and in 1448 the teenage king dismissed him; a year later Pedro died at the Battle of Alfarrobeira. Between 1458 and 1471 Afonso turned his attention to Morocco, taking Alcácer-Ceguer, Arzila, and Tangiers in campaigns that gave him his epithet. Then in 1474 Henry IV of Castile died, and Afonso claimed the throne for his niece Joanna la Beltraneja. He married her in May 1475, decla…
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