# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/shen-kuo
# Generated: 2026-08-31T17:35:01.504Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/shen-kuo"
name: "Shen Kuo"
slug: "shen-kuo"
description: "He described the magnetic compass for navigation three centuries before it appeared in European texts, discovered magnetic declination toward true north, and proposed geological theories of land formation from observing fossils inland. A Song dynasty polymath who moved between imperial posts and quiet technical breakthroughs that wouldn't surface in the West"
tagline: "Chinese scientist and statesman (1031-1095)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beijing_Ancient_Observatory_20090715-19_(cropped).jpg"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "China"
  isoCode: "CN"
category:
  name: "Scientists"
  slug: "scientists"
profileType:
  name: "Scientist"
  slug: "scientist"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1031"
deathDate: "1095"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           54.98
  momentum:             0
  historical:           22.88774266666667
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
  - name: "Academics"
    slug: "academics"
  - name: "Scientist"
    slug: "scientist"
  - name: "Physics"
    slug: "physics"
  - name: "Mathematics"
    slug: "mathematics"
  - name: "Astronomy"
    slug: "astronomy"
  - name: "Poetry"
    slug: "poetry"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Philosophy"
    slug: "philosophy"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270085"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Shen%20Kuo"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7"
    title: "شن‌کوا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Een_Ko"
    title: "Şen Ko"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE"
    title: "Шэнь Куо"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BE"
    title: "Шън Куо"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%93"
    title: "শেন কুও"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
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    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%86"
    title: "شێن کوۆ"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en_Kua"
    title: "Šen Kua"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cen_Kuo"
    title: "Ŝen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7"
    title: "شن کوا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95"
    title: "שן קואו"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B8"
    title: "Շեն Կուո"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_Kuo"
    title: "Shen Kuo"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E6%8B%AC"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7"
    title: "شين كوا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%88"
    title: "شين كيو"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Shen Kuo (1031–1095) served the Northern Song court as finance minister, head of the Bureau of Astronomy, and state inspector, aligning with the Reformist faction under Wang Anshi. In 1088 his Dream Pool Essays recorded the magnetic needle compass and the concept of true north via magnetic declination — discoveries Europe wouldn't match until centuries later. He planned a five-year project to map lunar and planetary orbits with colleague Wei Pu, but court opponents killed it. He improved the armillary sphere and water clocks, hypothesized land formation from marine fossils and silt deposition, proposed climate change after finding petrified bamboo in northern soil that couldn't grow it anymore, wrote of drydocks and pound locks, documented Bi Sheng's movable type printing, created raised-relief maps, and identified an unearthed crossbow part as a surveying tool Europe wouldn't know until 1321. He also kept notes on divination, the supernatural, and unidentified flying objects.