# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/roberts-bartholow
# Generated: 2026-08-14T07:52:34.256Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/roberts-bartholow"
name: "Roberts Bartholow"
slug: "roberts-bartholow"
description: "Roberts Bartholow or Roobert Bartholow was an American physician and a professor at several American medical colleges. He is best known for his experiments involving a 30-year-old patient named Mary Rafferty. Rafferty was admitted to Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1874 with a 2-inch-diameter (51 mm) hole in her skull caused by a cancerous ulcer. Bartholow experimented with applying current to Rafferty's exposed dura using needle electrodes. His report detailed the first observations of how electrical stimulation of the brain affects motor functions of the body, but many ethical concerns were raised about the way in which he carried out his experiments. Rafferty went into a coma for three days and then died the day after coming out of the coma from a massive seizure."
tagline: "American physician (1831-1904)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Roberts_Bartholow.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "United States"
  isoCode: "US"
birthDate: "1831-11-28"
deathDate: "1904-05-10"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           41.35
  momentum:             6.111111111111111
  historical:           4.808892
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     30
  profileCompleteness:  50
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88"
    title: "روبرتس بارثولو"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81"
    title: "رابرت بارتولوف"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Bartholow"
    title: "Robert Bartholow"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Bartholow"
    title: "Roberts Bartholow"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_Bartholow"
    title: "Roberts Bartholow"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1494182"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump