# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/robert-gascoyne-cecil-3rd-marquess-of-salisbury
# Generated: 2026-08-31T17:48:33.086Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/robert-gascoyne-cecil-3rd-marquess-of-salisbury"
name: "Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury"
slug: "robert-gascoyne-cecil-3rd-marquess-of-salisbury"
description: "He ran Britain for thirteen years without leaving the House of Lords, the last prime minister to govern entirely from the upper chamber. Lord Salisbury held foreign policy like a chess problem: avoid entanglements, carve Africa without firing shots, keep Europe at arm's length under \"splendid isolation.\""
tagline: "British politician and prime minister (1830-1903)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Robert-Gascoyne-Cecil-3rd-Marquess-of-Salisbury_(cropped).jpg"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "United Kingdom"
  isoCode: "GB"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Politician"
  slug: "politician"
birthDate: "1830-02-03"
deathDate: "1903-08-22"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           59.14
  momentum:             1.902699640274206
  historical:           24.771516
  currentAttention:     2.104591836734694
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
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    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
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  - name: "19th Century"
    slug: "19th-century"
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# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Robert Cecil entered the Commons in 1854 and climbed through India Office postings until Disraeli made him foreign secretary in 1878, where he helped broker the Congress of Berlin. After Disraeli died in 1881, Salisbury became Conservative leader in the Lords and first took the premiership in June 1885. When Gladstone backed Irish Home Rule the next year, Salisbury split the Liberals by allying with Unionist defectors and won the 1886 election. That second term delivered his sharpest work: Britain claimed the lion's share of African territory in the Scramble without major war. He lost in 1892, returned in 1895, then steered the empire through the brutal Boer War to another victory in 1900. He handed power to his nephew Balfour in 1902 and died the following year. Historians mark him as neurotic, pessimistic, resistant to change—his guiding belief that "whatever happens will be for the worse"—yet effective, consistently ranked in the upper tier of prime ministers.