# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/philip-ii-of-spain
# Generated: 2026-08-31T14:03:05.609Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/philip-ii-of-spain"
name: "Philip II of Spain"
slug: "philip-ii-of-spain"
description: "He held more thrones than almost anyone in European history — Spain, Portugal, England briefly through marriage, Naples, Sicily, Milan, the Netherlands — and steered the largest empire on earth through its peak and near-bankruptcy at once. Philip II spent four decades waging simultaneous wars for Catholic supremacy, launched the doomed Armada against Elizabe"
tagline: "King of Spain, Portugal, Naples and Sicily; King consort of England, lived 1527-1598"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Portrait_of_Philip_II_of_Spain_by_Sofonisba_Anguissola_-_002b.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "Spain"
  isoCode: "ES"
category:
  name: "Models"
  slug: "models"
profileType:
  name: "Model"
  slug: "model"
birthDate: "1527-05-21"
deathDate: "1598-09-13"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           70.08
  momentum:             1.2
  historical:           29.909796
  currentAttention:     6.821428571428572
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  131
  category: 67
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Model"
    slug: "model"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Spain"
    slug: "spain"
  - name: "Europe"
    slug: "europe"
  - name: "Early Modern Era"
    slug: "early-modern-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34417"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Philip%20II%20of%20Spain"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7"
    title: "فيليب الثاني ملك إسبانيا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7"
    title: "فيليبى التانى ملك اسبانيا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II_d'Espa%C3%B1a"
    title: "Felipe II d'España"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7)"
    title: "ایکینجی فیلیپ (ایسپانیا)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Filipp_(%C4%B0spaniya_kral%C4%B1)"
    title: "II Filipp (İspaniya kralı)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II_kan_Espanya"
    title: "Felipe II kan Espanya"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be_x_old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_II_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%93%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%96)"
    title: "Філіп II (кароль Гішпаніі)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_II_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3"
    title: "Філіп II Габсбург"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF_II_(%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)"
    title: "Филип II (Испания)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II"
    title: "Felipe II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II%2C_kralj_Kastilje"
    title: "Filip II, kralj Kastilje"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felip_II_de_Castella"
    title: "Felip II de Castella"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7"
    title: "فیلیپی دووەمی ئیسپانیا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filippu_II_di_Spagna"
    title: "Filippu II di Spagna"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Felipe"
    title: "II Felipe"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_II._%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%BD"
    title: "Filip II. Španělský"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II%2C_brenin_Sbaen"
    title: "Felipe II, brenin Sbaen"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip_2._af_Spanien"
    title: "Filip 2. af Spanien"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_II._(Spanien)"
    title: "Philipp II. (Spanien)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%83%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82"
    title: "Φίλιππος Β΄ της Ισπανίας"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipo_la_2-a_(Hispanio)"
    title: "Filipo la 2-a (Hispanio)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_II_de_Espa%C3%B1a"
    title: "Felipe II de España"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Felip_II_de_Castella"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Filip_II._%C5%A0pan%C4%9Blsk%C3%BD"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Philipp_II._von_Spanien"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://es.wikiquote.org/wiki/Felipe_II_de_Espa%C3%B1a"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Son of Emperor Charles V, Philip inherited the Spanish Empire in 1556 and added Portugal in 1580 after a succession crisis, fusing them into the Iberian Union. Under his rule Spain completed the conquest of the Inca Empire and the Philippines — the islands named for him — and finished El Escorial in 1584. Deeply devout, he saw himself as Catholicism's defender and poured resources into wars on multiple fronts: victories at Oran, Malta, Lepanto against the Ottomans, funding for the Catholic League against French Huguenots, and in 1588 the great Armada sent to topple Elizabeth and restore English Catholicism, which was scattered by skirmish and storm. The costs pushed Spain into state default five times across his reign. He refused all biographical accounts and never answered the enemy propaganda that hardened into the Black Legend, leaving him what one historian called perhaps the most enigmatic personality in modern history — a king about whom contemporaries and scholars still cannot agree on character, aim, or success.