# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/parameswara
# Generated: 2026-08-12T23:01:49.504Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/parameswara"
name: "Parameswara"
slug: "parameswara"
description: "Parameswara, thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of the Malacca Sultanate. According to the Malay Annals, he ruled Singapura from 1389 to 1398. The king fled the island kingdom after a Majapahit naval invasion in 1398 and founded his new stronghold on the mouth of Bertam river in 1402. Within decades, the new city grew rapidly to become the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. Portuguese accounts however, written a hundred years after his death, suggest he was from Palembang in Sumatra and usurped the throne of Singapura; he was driven out, either by Siam or Majapahit, and went on to found Malacca."
tagline: "The first king who established the state of Malacca"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Retrato_de_Parameswara.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Politician"
  slug: "politician"
birthDate: "1344"
deathDate: "1414"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           51.87
  momentum:             0.3455024938446419
  historical:           17.44630666666666
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  60
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E8%8B%8F%E6%8B%89"
    title: "拜里米苏拉"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87"
    title: "إسكندر شاه"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara_(K%C3%B6nig)"
    title: "Parameswara (König)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara_of_Malacca"
    title: "Parameswara of Malacca"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara_(sult%C3%A1n)"
    title: "Parameswara (sultán)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramesvara"
    title: "Paramesvara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%94"
    title: "פרמסווארה"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9"
    title: "इस्कंदर शाह"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Param%C3%A9swara"
    title: "Paraméswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%9D%BC%EB%A9%94%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%EB%A5%B4"
    title: "파라메스와르"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%81_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1)"
    title: "اسکندر شاہ (راجہ پرمیشور)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameswara"
    title: "Parameswara"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD)"
    title: "Парамешвара (султан)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE"
    title: "பரமேசுவரா"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85_(%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8)"
    title: "Іскандар Шах (султан Малакки)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81_(%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%81_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1)"
    title: "اسکندر شاہ (راجہ پرمیشور)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3363540"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump