# Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

> A French military engineer who published exactly one essay — in 1824, on the efficiency of heat engines — then died at 36 in obscurity. That lone work became the foundation of thermodynamics after others decoded it a decade later.

*French physicist, the "father of thermodynamics" (1796–1832)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/nicolas-leonard-sadi-carnot

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Scientist ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Scientists
- **Country:** France
- **Born:** 1796-06-01
- **Died:** 1832-08-24
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot was born 1 June 1796, son of Lazare Carnot, a mathematician and commander in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic armies. He graduated from the École polytechnique and served as an officer in the Engineering Arm, but his family faced persecution after Napoleon's fall in 1815, which shadowed his career. In June 1824 he published Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, developing the first successful theory of maximum heat engine efficiency. The work drew little notice until 1834, when Émile Clapeyron wrote a detailed commentary that reached William Thomson and Rudolf Clausius — Thomson used it to build the absolute temperature scale, Clausius to define entropy and formalize the second law of thermodynamics. Carnot died 24 August 1832, thirty-six and largely unknown, now called the father of thermodynamics.

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 60.1 / 100
- **Momentum:** 0.1 / 100  (trend: FALLING)
- **Historical depth:** 24.4 / 100
- **Now attention:** 0.0 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 70.0 / 100

## Topics
#Developers, #Academic, #Mathematics, #Physics, #Web Development, #France, #Europe, #19th Century

## Sources
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181685)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Pantheon 2.0](https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Nicolas%20L%C3%A9onard%20Sadi%20Carnot)
- [سعدى كارنو (رياضياتى من فرنسا)](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88_(%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7))
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [نیکولا سعدی کارنو](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88)
- [Нікала Леанар Садзі Карно](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE)
- [Сади Карно (физик)](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA))
- [সাদি কার্নো](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [نیکۆلا لێونارد سادی کارنۆ](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%DB%86)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Sadi Carnot (fysiker)](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(fysiker))
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Νικολά Λεονάρ Σαντί Καρνό](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC_%CE%9B%CE%B5%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%81_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%8C)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [نیکلا سعدی کارنو](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88)
- [Sadi Carnot](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot)
- [Sadi Carnot (physicien)](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(physicien))
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [סאדי קרנו](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95)
- [Wikiquote](https://bn.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B)
- [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Wikiquote](https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nicolas_L%C3%A9onard_Sadi_Carnot)
- [Wikiquote](https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE)
- [Wikiquote](https://tr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sadi_Carnot)

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