# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/muhammad-ii-of-khwarazm
# Generated: 2026-09-01T01:38:04.401Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/muhammad-ii-of-khwarazm"
name: "Muhammad II of Khwarazm"
slug: "muhammad-ii-of-khwarazm"
description: "He built an empire across 3.6 million square kilometers — from the Caspian to the Indus, commanding armies of 400,000 — and watched it collapse in two years when the Mongols answered a border skirmish by sacking every major city he held."
tagline: "Soltan of Khwarezm Empire (1200–1220)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Muhammad_II_portrait_in_a_1430_manuscript_of_the_Jami'_al-tawarikh_by_Rashid-al-Din_Hamadani.jpg"
gender: "male"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Politician"
  slug: "politician"
birthDate: "1170"
deathDate: "1220"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           57.04
  momentum:             5.677867902665121
  historical:           21.990708
  currentAttention:     31.54371057036178
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  60
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Medieval Era"
    slug: "medieval-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Khwarazm"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520090"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Muhammad%20II%20of%20Khwarazm"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87"
    title: "علاءالدین محمد خارزمشاه"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_(Xar%C9%99zm_h%C3%B6kmdar%C4%B1)"
    title: "II Məhəmməd (Xarəzm hökmdarı)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_II"
    title: "Ала ад-Дзін Мухамед II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9"
    title: "আলাউদ্দিন মুহাম্মদ খোয়ারিজমশাহ"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A0-ad-Din_Muh%C3%A0mmad"
    title: "Alà-ad-Din Muhàmmad"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%A1udd%C3%ADn_Muhammad"
    title: "Aláuddín Muhammad"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II._(Choresmien)"
    title: "Muhammad II. (Choresmien)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82"
    title: "Μουχαμάντ Β΄ της Χορασμίας"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_II_de_Corasmia"
    title: "Mohamed II de Corasmia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87"
    title: "علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_ad-Din_Muhammad"
    title: "Ala ad-Din Muhammad"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaudin_Muhamad"
    title: "Alaudin Muhamad"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Mohammed_hv%C3%A1rezmi_sah"
    title: "II. Mohammed hvárezmi sah"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Muhammad_II"
    title: "Alauddin Muhammad II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_di_Corasmia"
    title: "Muhammad II di Corasmia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%83%83%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8F%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9E%E3%83%89"
    title: "アラーウッディーン・ムハンマド"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_II"
    title: "ალაადინ მუჰამად II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85"
    title: "Мұхаммед Хорезмшах"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%9D%BC_%EC%9B%83%EB%94%98_%EB%AC%B4%ED%95%A8%EB%A7%88%EB%93%9C"
    title: "알라 웃딘 무함마드"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_(%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BC)"
    title: "II Мухаммед (Хорезм)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE"
    title: "मुहम्मद दुसरा"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alauddin_Muhammad"
    title: "Alauddin Muhammad"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A"
    title: "محمد خوارزم شاه الثاني"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89"
    title: "محمد خوارزم شاه التانى"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Muhammad II inherited Khwarazm, a small Central Asian province his Turkic ancestor Anushtegin Gharchai had governed as viceroy, and turned it into the largest empire of its day. Between 1200 and 1218 he defeated the Qara Khitai, Ghurids, and Eldiguzids in successive campaigns, pushing his borders from Shirvan to the Indus and the edge of Mongolia. By 1218 the Khwarazmian Empire had reached its zenith: 3.6 million square kilometers held by tribal armies that could muster 400,000 men. Then a skirmish with the Mongols triggered full invasion. They swept through Transoxiana and methodically destroyed Otrar, Bukhara, his capital Samarkand, Herat, and Gurganj. Muhammad fled to an island in the Caspian Sea, where he died in December 1220 with everything he'd built already gone.