# Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly

> The Russian field marshal whose scorched earth strategy against Napoleon's 1812 invasion made him a pariah until it worked — then a hero who took Paris.

*Baltic German general (1761-1818)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/michael-andreas-barclay-de-tolly

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Politician
- **Category:** Politicians
- **Born:** 1761-12-16
- **Died:** 1818-05-14
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Born into a Baltic German family in Livland and baptised 27 December 1761, Barclay de Tolly joined the Imperial Russian Army at fifteen and fought his way through the Russo-Turkish War, the Russo-Swedish War, and the Kościuszko Uprising. Wounded covering a retreat at Eylau in 1807, he returned to lead 3,500 troops across 100 km of frozen Gulf of Bothnia in a snowstorm during the Finnish War, earning him command of Finland and the post of Minister of War by 1810. When Napoleon invaded in 1812, Barclay commanded the 1st Army and ordered a scorched earth retreat that enraged Russians and cost him his job — Alexander I replaced him with Kutuzov, who kept retreating all the way to Borodino. After Napoleon's forces collapsed and withdrew, Barclay's strategy was vindicated; he became Commander-in-Chief in 1813, led the Allied taking of Paris, and was made Field Marshal. His health broke soon after and he died in Germany in 1818.

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 56.4 / 100
- **Momentum:** 1.6 / 100  (trend: STABLE)
- **Historical depth:** 23.2 / 100
- **Now attention:** 8.7 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 60.0 / 100

## Topics
#Business Professionals, #Other, #Politics, #Early Modern Era

## Sources
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157632)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Pantheon 2.0](https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Michael%20Andreas%20Barclay%20de%20Tolly)
- [مايكل اندرياس باركلى دى تولى](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89)
- [Mixail Barklay-de-Tolli](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixail_Barklay-de-Tolli)
- [Міхаіл Багданавіч Барклай дэ Толі](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D1%8D_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96)
- [Mikhaïl Barclay de Tolly](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikha%C3%AFl_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Barclay de Tolly](https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michail Bogdanovič Barclay de Tolly](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bogdanovi%C4%8D_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Барклай-де-Толли Михаил Богданович](https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Mijaíl Barclay de Tolly](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mija%C3%ADl_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [میشائیل آندریاس بارکلی دو تولی](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C)
- [Michael Barclay de Tolly](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michel Barclay de Tolly](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michail Bogdanovitsj Barclay de Tolly](https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michail_Bogdanovitsj_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [מיכאיל ברקלאי דה טולי](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Միխայիլ Բարկլայ-դը-Տոլի](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%AC_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B5-%D5%A4%D5%A8-%D5%8F%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Wikiquote](https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michael_Andreas_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [Mikhail Barclay de Tolly](https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Barclay_de_Tolly)
- [ميخائيل أندرياس باركلي دي تولي](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A)

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