# Mary Whiton Calkins

> Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist, whose work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self. She developed the paired-associate learning technique and the theory of self-psychology. In 1903, Calkins was the twelfth in a listing of fifty psychologists with the most merit, chosen by her peers. In 1895 Calkins was refused a Ph.D. by Harvard University because of her gender even though she completed all the requirements. Calkins' experience at Harvard reflected the limited status of women in graduate education at the time, as they were often permitted to attend lectures informally but were excluded from official enrollment and degree recognition. She was given honorary membership of the British Psychology Association in 1928.

*American philosopher and psychologist (1863–1930)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/mary-whiton-calkins

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Academic ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Academics
- **Country:** United States
- **Born:** 1863-03-30
- **Died:** 1930-02-26
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** female

## Bio

Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 54.9 / 100
- **Momentum:** 11.9 / 100  (trend: RISING)
- **Historical depth:** 22.1 / 100
- **Now attention:** 0.0 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 70.0 / 100

## Sources
- [Wikiquote](https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/M%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81)
- [ماري ويتون كالكينز](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2)
- [مارى ويتون كالكينز](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2)
- [Meri Uiton Kalkins](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meri_Uiton_Kalkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [مری ویتون کالکینز](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [מרי ויטון קלקינס](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1)
- [Մերի Ուիթըն Քալքինզ](https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%A8%D5%B6_%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A6)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [メアリー・ウィットン・カルキンス](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [ماري ویټون کالکینز](https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Калкинс, Мэри Уитон](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%2C_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Мери Витон Калкинс](https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81)
- [Mary Whiton Calkins](https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q988129)

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