# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/mahmud-of-ghazni
# Generated: 2026-09-01T04:37:05.059Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/mahmud-of-ghazni"
name: "Mahmud of Ghazni"
slug: "mahmud-of-ghazni"
description: "Sultan who never lost a battle and turned a garrison town into a rival to Baghdad. Between 998 and 1030, Mahmud of Ghazni launched forty-six military campaigns and carved an empire stretching from Iran to the Punjab—where Persian court culture followed his armies and the ground was laid for a new center of power at Lahore."
tagline: "Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire from 998 to 1030"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Likely_idealized_depiction_of_Sultan_Mahmud_of_Ghazni_in_the_pose_of_a_Sasanian_hero-king._Early_11th_century%2C_Hermitage_Museum%2C_St_Petersburg.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
birthDate: "0971-11-02"
deathDate: "1030-04-30"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           56.74
  momentum:             0.609375
  historical:           23.47554933333334
  currentAttention:     5.166666666666668
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  40
  trendDirection:       "FALLING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Medieval Era"
    slug: "medieval-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189271"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Mahmud%20of%20Ghazni"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C"
    title: "سولطان محمود غزنوی"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_(Q%C9%99zn%C9%99vi_h%C3%B6kmdar%C4%B1)"
    title: "Mahmud (Qəznəvi hökmdarı)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96"
    title: "Махмуд Газневі"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8"
    title: "Махмуд Газневи"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF"
    title: "মাহমুদ গজনভি"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_de_Ghazna"
    title: "Mahmud de Ghazna"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahm%C3%BAd_z_Ghazny"
    title: "Mahmúd z Ghazny"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_af_Ghazni"
    title: "Mahmud af Ghazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_von_Ghazni"
    title: "Mahmud von Ghazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BD%CE%AF"
    title: "Μαχμούντ του Γκαζνί"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_de_Gazni"
    title: "Mahmud de Gazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_de_Gazni"
    title: "Mahmud de Gazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C"
    title: "سلطان محمود غزنوی"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Ghaznilainen"
    title: "Mahmud Ghaznilainen"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_faan_Ghazni"
    title: "Mahmud faan Ghazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_de_Ghazni"
    title: "Mahmoud de Ghazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%A2'%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%94"
    title: "מחמוד מע'זנה"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80"
    title: "महमूद ग़ज़नवी"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahm%C3%BAd_gaznavida_szult%C3%A1n"
    title: "Mahmúd gaznavida szultán"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4_%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B6%D6%87%D5%AB"
    title: "Մահմուդ Ղազնևի"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_dari_Ghazni"
    title: "Mahmud dari Ghazni"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_di_Ghazna"
    title: "Mahmud di Ghazna"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://fa.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A"
    title: "محمود الغزنوي"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%88%D9%89"
    title: "محمود الغزنوى"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin took the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire in 998 at twenty-seven, after a short succession fight with his brother Ismail. He was the first ruler to claim the title Sultan, signaling raw authority while maintaining nominal ties to the Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad. Over thirty-two years he launched thirty-five major campaigns and eleven minor ones, and by his death in 1030 his kingdom stretched from northwestern Iran through Transoxiana to the Punjab. He continued the Persianate bureaucratic and cultural traditions of the Samanids, and Ghazni itself became a magnet for figures like the polymath al-Biruni and the poet Ferdowsi. Lahore, a city he conquered, emerged as the anchor for a future Persian-inflected state in the Indian subcontinent.