# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/karl-fedorovich-kessler
# Generated: 2026-08-14T17:44:44.336Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/karl-fedorovich-kessler"
name: "Karl Fedorovich Kessler"
slug: "karl-fedorovich-kessler"
description: "Karl Fedorovich Kessler was a Baltic German zoologist and professor of biology at Saint Petersburg Imperial University. He is best known for advancing the idea that evolution at the infraspecific level is strongly influenced by mutual aid, arguing that Charles Darwin placed excessive emphasis on competition, which Kessler accepted primarily as operating at the interspecific level."
tagline: "Russian zoologist"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl_Kessler.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
birthDate: "1815-11-19"
deathDate: "1881-03-03"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           46.78
  momentum:             9.740259740259736
  historical:           12.01188
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  40
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87"
    title: "Кесслер Карл Федорович"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fjodorowitsch_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Fjodorowitsch Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fi%C3%B3dorovich_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Fiódorovich Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC"
    title: "カール・フェドロヴィッチ・ケスラー"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fjodorovitsj_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Fjodorovitsj Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%2C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D1%91%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87"
    title: "Кесслер, Карл Фёдорович"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fedorovich_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Fedorovich Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Fyodorovi%C3%A7_Kessler"
    title: "Karl Fyodoroviç Kessler"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849389"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump