# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/jacques-macdonald
# Generated: 2026-08-31T23:26:04.440Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/jacques-macdonald"
name: "Jacques MacDonald"
slug: "jacques-macdonald"
description: "The son of an exiled Scottish Jacobite who became one of Napoleon's marshals — raised to that rank on the battlefield at Wagram in 1809, then titled Duke of Taranto. Often counted among the Emperor's less capable field commanders, but his career survived revolution, empire, defeat, and restoration."
tagline: "Marshal of France (1765-1840)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MacDonald_par_Antoine_Jean_Gros.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "France"
  isoCode: "FR"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Politician"
  slug: "politician"
birthDate: "1765-11-17"
deathDate: "1840-09-25"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           56.43
  momentum:             7.861941588359755
  historical:           22.68126266666667
  currentAttention:     41.07237189646065
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
  - name: "Historical Figures"
    slug: "historical-figures"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "France"
    slug: "france"
  - name: "Europe"
    slug: "europe"
  - name: "Early Modern Era"
    slug: "early-modern-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298784"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_MacDonald"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Jacques%20MacDonald"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%89)"
    title: "جاك ماكدونالد (عسكرى)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4"
    title: "Жак Макдональд"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4"
    title: "Жак Макдоналд"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Jacques-Joseph_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne-Jacques-Joseph Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_MacDonald%2C_duc_de_Tarente"
    title: "Jacques MacDonald, duc de Tarente"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Etienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF"
    title: "ژاک مک‌دونالد"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Jacques_Joseph_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Jacques Joseph Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_MacDonald"
    title: "Jacques MacDonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Jacques_Joseph_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Jacques Joseph Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A4"
    title: "Ժակ Մաքդոնալդ"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Jacques_Joseph_Alexandre_Macdonald"
    title: "Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB"
    title: "ジャック・マクドナル"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_Makdonald"
    title: "Jak Makdonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%93%E1%83%98"
    title: "ჟაკ მაკდონალდი"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%A7%88%ED%81%AC%EB%8F%84%EB%82%A0"
    title: "자크 마크도날"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Jacques_Joseph_Alexandre_MacDonald"
    title: "Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre MacDonald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Mac_Donald"
    title: "Étienne Mac Donald"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A)"
    title: "جاك ماكدونالد (سياسي)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Born in Sedan in 1765, Macdonald was serving in the Irish Brigade when the revolution broke. He threw in with the cause and climbed fast: brigade general by 1793 after Jemappes, divisional general a year later. He commanded French forces in Rome after the republic was declared there in 1798, helped conquer Naples in 1799, then took a crushing defeat at the Trebbia against Suvorov's Austro-Russian army. He backed Napoleon's 1799 coup but his ties to Moreau cost him — forced into semi-retirement for years. Napoleon pulled him back in 1809; at Wagram he fought well enough to be made marshal on the field and duke soon after. He covered the retreat from Leipzig in 1813 and nearly didn't make it out. After the Bourbons returned he became a peer, stayed clear of the Hundred Days, and spent his last decades as chancellor of the Legion of Honour. He died in 1840 at seventy-four.