# Ivar Ekeland

> Ivar I. Ekeland is a French mathematician of Norwegian descent. Ekeland has written influential monographs and textbooks on nonlinear functional analysis, the calculus of variations, and mathematical economics, as well as popular books on mathematics, which have been published in French, English, and other languages. Ekeland is known as the author of Ekeland's variational principle and for his use of the Shapley–Folkman lemma in optimization theory. He has contributed to the periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems and particularly to the theory of Kreĭn indices for linear systems. Ekeland is cited in the credits of Steven Spielberg's 1993 movie Jurassic Park as an inspiration of the fictional chaos theory specialist Ian Malcolm appearing in Michael Crichton's 1990 novel Jurassic Park.

*French mathematician*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/ivar-ekeland

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Academic ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Academics
- **Country:** France
- **Born:** 1944-07-02
- **Status:** living
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 47.0 / 100
- **Momentum:** 15.5 / 100  (trend: BREAKOUT)
- **Historical depth:** 7.9 / 100
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- **Source confidence:** 55.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 75.0 / 100

## Platforms
- **IMDB**: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm16392147/ (@nm16392147)

## Sources
- [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [ايفار ايكيلاند](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Ivar Ekeland](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivar_Ekeland)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679779)

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