# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/ibrahim-rugova
# Generated: 2026-08-14T02:59:37.488Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/ibrahim-rugova"
name: "Ibrahim Rugova"
slug: "ibrahim-rugova"
description: "He built a shadow state under occupation — schools, clinics, a parallel government — and held to nonviolence even as war came. For a decade he was the face of Kosovo's independence movement, lobbying Western capitals while Yugoslav forces tightened their grip."
tagline: "President of Kosovo (1944-2006)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ibrahim_Rugova_2004.jpg"
gender: "male"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Politician"
  slug: "politician"
birthDate: "1944-12-02"
deathDate: "2006-01-21"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           57.94
  momentum:             20.89286168773579
  historical:           24.103048
  currentAttention:     9.56
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  60
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: 195
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Literature"
    slug: "literature"
  - name: "20th Century"
    slug: "20th-century"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192138"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Ibrahim%20Rugova"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bat_smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0"
    title: "Ибрахим Ругова"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE"
    title: "ইব্রাহিম রুগোভা"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0"
    title: "Ибрагим Ругова"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BC_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B2%CE%B1"
    title: "Ιμπραήμ Ρουγκόβα"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7"
    title: "ابراهیم روگوا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Ibrahim Rugova"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94"
    title: "איברהים רוגובה"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://sq.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Rugova"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Ibrahim Rugova founded the Democratic League of Kosovo in 1989 and made a calculated bet: that peaceful resistance could outlast Milošević. By 1992 he was president of a parallel republic that operated in defiance of Belgrade, providing education and health care to Albanians shut out of official institutions. The strategy earned him comparisons to Gandhi and kept the cause alive through the 1990s, but the Kosovo War tested the limits of nonviolence. When the guns finally stopped and a UN mission took over, he won the presidency again in March 2002, this time of a territory inching toward statehood. He died in office in January 2006, five months shy of sixty-two, and Kosovo named him a national hero before independence arrived two years later.