# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/frans-michel-penning
# Generated: 2026-08-14T14:37:24.723Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/frans-michel-penning"
name: "Frans Michel Penning"
slug: "frans-michel-penning"
description: "Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch experimental physicist. He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields. He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry."
tagline: "Dutch physicist (1894–1953)"
image: "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/35/FMPenning.jpg"
gender: "male"
category:
  name: "Scientists"
  slug: "scientists"
profileType:
  name: "Scientist"
  slug: "scientist"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1894-09-12"
deathDate: "1953-12-06"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           45.04
  momentum:             7.164179104477611
  historical:           9.145465333333334
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     54.99999999999999
  profileCompleteness:  60
  trendDirection:       "RISING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BD%AD%E5%AE%81"
    title: "弗兰斯·米歇尔·彭宁"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82"
    title: "فرانس میشل پنینق"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF"
    title: "فرانس میشل پنینگ"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning"
    title: "Frans Michel Penning"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387008"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump