# Frans Michel Penning

> Frans Michel Penning was a Dutch experimental physicist. He received his PhD from the University of Leiden in 1923, and studied low pressure gas discharges at the Philips Laboratory in Eindhoven, developing new electron tubes during World War II. Many detailed observations of gas ionization were done with colleagues, finding notable results for helium and magnetic fields. He made precise measurements of Townsend discharge coefficients and cathode voltage fall. Penning made important contributions to the advancement of high resolution mass spectrometry.

*Dutch physicist (1894–1953)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/frans-michel-penning

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Scientist ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Scientists
- **Born:** 1894-09-12
- **Died:** 1953-12-06
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 45.0 / 100
- **Momentum:** 7.2 / 100  (trend: RISING)
- **Historical depth:** 9.1 / 100
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- **Source confidence:** 55.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 60.0 / 100

## Sources
- [弗兰斯·米歇尔·彭宁](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BD%AD%E5%AE%81)
- [فرانس میشل پنینق](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [فرانس میشل پنینگ](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%84_%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Frans Michel Penning](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans_Michel_Penning)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387008)

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