# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/etienne-bazeries
# Generated: 2026-08-13T06:44:15.970Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/etienne-bazeries"
name: "Étienne Bazeries"
slug: "etienne-bazeries"
description: "Étienne Bazeries was a French military cryptanalyst active between 1890 and the First World War. He is best known for developing the \"Bazeries Cylinder\", an improved version of Thomas Jefferson's cipher cylinder. It was later refined into the US Army M-94 cipher device. Historian David Kahn describes him as \"the great pragmatist of cryptology. His theoretical contributions are negligible, but he was one of the greatest natural cryptanalysts the science has seen.\""
tagline: "French cryptographer"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bazeries.jpg?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "France"
  isoCode: "FR"
category:
  name: "Academics"
  slug: "academics"
profileType:
  name: "Academic"
  slug: "academic"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1846-08-21"
deathDate: "1931-11-07"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           38.47
  momentum:             0
  historical:           6.539093333333334
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     39.99999999999999
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "FALLING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%2C_%D0%AD%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BD"
    title: "Базери, Этьен"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bazeries"
    title: "Étienne Bazeries"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289375"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump