# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/edward-laurens-mark
# Generated: 2026-08-14T03:56:26.828Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/edward-laurens-mark"
name: "Edward Laurens Mark"
slug: "edward-laurens-mark"
description: "Edward Laurens Mark was an American zoologist, Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Director of the Zoological Laboratory of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard University. In his landmark cytological monograph published in 1881, Mark conceived parenthetical referencing for citations, also known as Harvard referencing."
tagline: "American zoologist (1847–1946)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PSM_V64_D383_Edward_L_Mark.png?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "United States"
  isoCode: "US"
birthDate: "1847-05-30"
deathDate: "1946-12-16"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           35.43
  momentum:             0.6329113924050633
  historical:           3.936357333333333
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     25
  profileCompleteness:  50
  trendDirection:       "FALLING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83"
    title: "إدوارد لورنس مارك"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_L._Mark"
    title: "Edward L. Mark"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Laurens_Mark"
    title: "Edward Laurens Mark"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Laurens_Mark"
    title: "Edward Laurens Mark"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21431290"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump