# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/charles-ii-of-england
# Generated: 2026-09-01T01:41:38.860Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/charles-ii-of-england"
name: "Charles II of England"
slug: "charles-ii-of-england"
description: "A king who fled his own country after losing a civil war, spent nine years wandering Europe in exile, then returned on his thirtieth birthday to reclaim the throne — and ruled for twenty-five years by balancing public Anglicanism with private Catholic sympathies and a court notorious for its mistresses."
tagline: "King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1660 to 1685 (1630-1685)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sir_Peter_Lely_(1618-80)_-_Charles_II_(1630-1685)_-_RCIN_405672_-_Royal_Collection.jpg"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "United Kingdom"
  isoCode: "GB"
category:
  name: "Historical Figures"
  slug: "historical-figures"
profileType:
  name: "Historical Figure"
  slug: "historical-figure"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2798645"
birthDate: "1630-05-29"
deathDate: "1685-02-06"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           67.36
  momentum:             1.08
  historical:           31.447212
  currentAttention:     8.107142857142858
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: 122
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Politician"
    slug: "politician"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Royalty"
    slug: "royalty"
  - name: "Early Modern Era"
    slug: "early-modern-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122553"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Charles%20II%20of%20England"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7"
    title: "تشارلز الثاني ملك إنجلترا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7"
    title: "تشارلز التانى ملك انجلترا"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_II_d'Inglaterra"
    title: "Carlos II d'Inglaterra"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_(%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3)"
    title: "ایکینجی چارلز (اینگیلیس)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Karl_(%C4%B0ngilt%C9%99r%C9%99_kral%C4%B1)"
    title: "II Karl (İngiltərə kralı)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_saking_Inggris"
    title: "Charles II saking Inggris"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_II_kan_Inglaterra"
    title: "Carlos II kan Inglaterra"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_II_%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8E%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82"
    title: "Карл II Сцюарт"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_II"
    title: "Чарлз II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_(%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1)"
    title: "দ্বিতীয় চার্লস (ইংল্যান্ড)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlez_II_(Bro-Saoz)"
    title: "Charlez II (Bro-Saoz)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_II%2C_kralj_Engleske"
    title: "Karlo II, kralj Engleske"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carles_II_d'Anglaterra_i_d'Esc%C3%B2cia"
    title: "Carles II d'Anglaterra i d'Escòcia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel_II._Stuart"
    title: "Karel II. Stuart"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_II_(%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B8)"
    title: "Карл II (Англи патши)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II%2C_brenin_Lloegr_a'r_Alban"
    title: "Charles II, brenin Lloegr a'r Alban"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_2._af_England"
    title: "Karl 2. af England"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_II._(England)"
    title: "Karl II. (England)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%B3%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82"
    title: "Κάρολος Β΄ της Αγγλίας"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karlo_la_2-a_(Anglio)"
    title: "Karlo la 2-a (Anglio)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_II_de_Inglaterra"
    title: "Carlos II de Inglaterra"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II"
    title: "Charles II"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Karel_II._Stuart"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Karl_II._von_England"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carlo_II_d'Inghilterra"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"
  - url: "https://ja.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA2%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)"
    title: "Wikiquote"
    type:  "WEBSITE"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Charles II became king of Scotland in 1649 days after his father Charles I was executed, but Oliver Cromwell crushed him at the Battle of Worcester in 1651 and sent him into continental exile for nearly a decade. Cromwell's death in 1658 opened the way for the Restoration, and on 29 May 1660 Charles returned to London amid public celebration. His reign threaded between religious pressures: Parliament passed the Clarendon Code to fortify the Church of England while Charles quietly favored tolerance, signed a secret pact with Louis XIV in 1670 promising eventual conversion to Catholicism, and saw his 1672 Declaration of Indulgence crushed by Parliament. The fabricated Popish Plot in 1679 ignited the Exclusion Crisis over his Catholic brother James and gave birth to the Whig and Tory parties; Charles dissolved Parliament in 1681 and ruled alone until his death in 1685. He fathered at least twelve illegitimate children, kept a court famous for its laxity, and left the throne to the brother whose religion had nearly torn the kingdom apart.