# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/cesare-beccaria
# Generated: 2026-08-31T17:34:56.477Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/cesare-beccaria"
name: "Cesare Beccaria"
slug: "cesare-beccaria"
description: "An 18th-century Italian jurist who wrote a single treatise condemning torture and the death penalty — and in doing so became the founding figure of modern criminal law."
tagline: "Jurist, philosopher and politician from Italy (1738-1794)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cesare_Beccaria.jpg"
gender: "male"
country:
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  isoCode: "IT"
category:
  name: "Academics"
  slug: "academics"
profileType:
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  slug: "academic"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1738-03-15"
deathDate: "1794-11-20"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
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  momentum:             0
  historical:           24.4698
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  profileCompleteness:  75
  trendDirection:       "FALLING"
ranks:
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  country:  null
  category: null
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# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Cesare Beccaria Bonesana, Marquis of Gualdrasco and Villareggio, was born in Milan in 1738 into aristocracy but trained his mind on philosophy, economics, and law. In 1764 he published On Crimes and Punishments, a work that argued against judicial torture and capital punishment at a time when both were routine across Europe. The treatise became a founding text in penology and the classical school of criminology, reframing punishment as a matter of reason rather than vengeance. His ideas crossed the Atlantic; John Bessler notes that the Founding Fathers studied Beccaria closely, and his logic threaded into early American jurisprudence. He died in 1794, two centuries before most of the world caught up to his position.