# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/carl-menger
# Generated: 2026-08-31T17:34:58.307Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/carl-menger"
name: "Carl Menger"
slug: "carl-menger"
description: "He junked the labor theory of value that had anchored classical economics and replaced it with a simpler idea: things are worth what people agree they're worth. That shift — subjective value, prices born from mutual exchange rather than production cost — seeded an entire school of thought that still divides economists."
tagline: "Founder of the Austrian School of economics (1840–1921)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Carl_Menger_Portrait_ONB_cropped.png?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "Austria"
  isoCode: "AT"
category:
  name: "Academics"
  slug: "academics"
profileType:
  name: "Academic"
  slug: "academic"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1840-02-23"
deathDate: "1921-02-26"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           54.54
  momentum:             0
  historical:           24.039652
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
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    slug: "academics"
  - name: "Academic"
    slug: "academic"
  - name: "Economics"
    slug: "economics"
  - name: "Austria"
    slug: "austria"
  - name: "Europe"
    slug: "europe"
  - name: "19th Century"
    slug: "19th-century"
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    title: "كارل مينجر (اقتصادى)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
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    title: "Карл Менгер"
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    title: "Carl Menger"
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    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
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    title: "Կառլ Մենգեր"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
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    title: "カール・メンガー"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
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    title: "Wikiquote"
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# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Menger started as a lawyer and business journalist, watching buyers make decisions that existing theory couldn't explain. After formal training he joined the University of Vienna in 1872, building a marginalist framework that rejected both the classical cost-of-production view held by Smith, Ricardo, and Marx, and the German school's insistence that theory could be derived from history. Few read him outside Vienna for years, but disciples Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and Friedrich von Wieser carried the work outward. He also tutored Rudolf von Habsburg, Austria's crown prince, until leaving the university in 1903. Hayek later wrote that the Austrian school's core ideas belonged "fully and wholly" to Menger.