# Carl Menger

> He junked the labor theory of value that had anchored classical economics and replaced it with a simpler idea: things are worth what people agree they're worth. That shift — subjective value, prices born from mutual exchange rather than production cost — seeded an entire school of thought that still divides economists.

*Founder of the Austrian School of economics (1840–1921)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/carl-menger

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Academic ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Academics
- **Country:** Austria
- **Born:** 1840-02-23
- **Died:** 1921-02-26
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Menger started as a lawyer and business journalist, watching buyers make decisions that existing theory couldn't explain. After formal training he joined the University of Vienna in 1872, building a marginalist framework that rejected both the classical cost-of-production view held by Smith, Ricardo, and Marx, and the German school's insistence that theory could be derived from history. Few read him outside Vienna for years, but disciples Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk and Friedrich von Wieser carried the work outward. He also tutored Rudolf von Habsburg, Austria's crown prince, until leaving the university in 1903. Hayek later wrote that the Austrian school's core ideas belonged "fully and wholly" to Menger.

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 54.5 / 100
- **Momentum:** 0.0 / 100  (trend: STABLE)
- **Historical depth:** 24.0 / 100
- **Now attention:** 0.0 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 70.0 / 100

## Topics
#Academics, #Academic, #Economics, #Austria, #Europe, #19th Century

## Sources
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84177)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Pantheon 2.0](https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Carl%20Menger)
- [كارل مينجر (اقتصادى)](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89))
- [Karl Menger](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Menger)
- [Карл Менгер](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80)
- [Карл Менгер](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80)
- [কার্ল মেঙ্গার (অর্থনীতিবিদ)](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6))
- [Carl Menger](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [کارل منگر (اقتصاددان)](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86))
- [Carl Menger](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [קרל מנגר](https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8)
- [कार्ल मेंगर](https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0)
- [Carl Menger](https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Կառլ Մենգեր](https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80)
- [Carl Menger](https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Carl Menger](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [カール・メンガー](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%BC)
- [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Wikiquote](https://fa.wikiquote.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1)
- [Wikiquote](https://fi.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Wikiquote](https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Carl_Menger)
- [Wikiquote](https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80)

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