# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/carl-hovland
# Generated: 2026-08-14T21:51:07.110Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/carl-hovland"
name: "Carl Hovland"
slug: "carl-hovland"
description: "Carl Iver Hovland was a psychologist working primarily at Yale University and for the US Army during World War II who studied attitude change and persuasion. He first reported the sleeper effect after studying the effects of the Frank Capra propaganda film Why We Fight on soldiers in the Army. In later studies on this subject, Hovland collaborated with Irving Janis who would later become famous for his theory of groupthink. Hovland also developed social judgment theory of attitude change. Carl Hovland thought that the ability of someone to resist persuasion by a certain group depended on your degree of belonging to the group."
tagline: "American psychologist (1912–1961)"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "United States"
  isoCode: "US"
category:
  name: "Academics"
  slug: "academics"
profileType:
  name: "Academic"
  slug: "academic"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1912-06-12"
deathDate: "1961-04-16"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           43.9
  momentum:             0
  historical:           10.68365866666667
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  55
  trendDirection:       "FALLING"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
sources:
  - url: "https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7"
    title: "卡尔·霍夫兰德"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF"
    title: "كارل هوفلاند"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF"
    title: "كارل هوفلاند"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_I._Hovland"
    title: "Carl I. Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Iver_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Iver Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89"
    title: "カール・ホブランド"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Hovland"
    title: "Carl Hovland"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%2C_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80"
    title: "Ховланд, Карл Ивер"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038976"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Imported from discovery source: wikidata-dump