# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/baruch-spinoza
# Generated: 2026-09-01T05:04:23.646Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/baruch-spinoza"
name: "Baruch Spinoza"
slug: "baruch-spinoza"
description: "Excommunicated at twenty-three for ideas too dangerous for Amsterdam's synagogue, Spinoza wrote a philosophy that collapsed God into nature and stripped politics of divine authority — then published almost nothing until after he was dead."
tagline: "Dutch philosopher (1632-1677)"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spinoza.jpg"
gender: "male"
country:
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  isoCode: "NL"
category:
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  slug: "academics"
profileType:
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  slug: "academic"
  entityType: "https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631"
birthDate: "1632-11-24"
deathDate: "1677-02-21"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
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  momentum:             0.06611833300780544
  historical:           29.009436
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  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
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  country:  5
  category: 41
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# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Born in 1632 to a Portuguese-Jewish merchant family that had fled the Inquisition for Amsterdam, Spinoza received a traditional Hebrew education before his questions about doctrine got him permanently expelled from the Jewish community in 1656. He turned to lens grinding for income and gathered a circle of followers who met to discuss the philosophy he was building in private. His Tractatus Theologico-Politicus challenged the divine origin of the Hebrew Bible and argued that religious authority had no place in a democratic state. Ethics, his major work, equated God with nature — a move read variously as pantheism or atheism — and mapped out human freedom in a world without theological anchors. Friends published his writings after his death in 1677, and two centuries of philosophers have argued over the blueprint he left.