# Arnold Sommerfeld

> He never won the Nobel Prize, but seven of his students did. Sommerfeld built the quantum scaffold—azimuthal number, magnetic number, fine-structure constant—that others climbed to glory.

*German physicist (1868-1951)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/arnold-sommerfeld

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Scientist ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Scientists
- **Country:** Germany
- **Born:** 1868-12-05
- **Died:** 1951-04-26
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld was born on 5 December 1868 in Germany and trained a generation that rewrote physics. He introduced the second quantum number (azimuthal) and the third (magnetic), filling in the architecture of the atom that Bohr had sketched. He gave the world the fine-structure constant and pioneered X-ray wave theory. As doctoral or postdoctoral advisor, he guided seven future Nobel laureates and at least 30 other physicists and chemists who became famous in their own right. He died on 26 April 1951, the teacher who made the revolution possible.

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 62.8 / 100
- **Momentum:** 5.6 / 100  (trend: STABLE)
- **Historical depth:** 24.3 / 100
- **Now attention:** 31.1 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 70.0 / 100
- **Category rank:** #235

## Topics
#Scientists, #Academic, #Mathematics, #Physics, #Germany, #Europe, #19th Century

## Sources
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77078)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Pantheon 2.0](https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Arnold%20Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [آرنولد زومرفلد](https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AF)
- [Arnold Zommerfeld](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Zommerfeld)
- [Арнольд Зомэрфэльд](https://be_x_old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%84%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4)
- [Арнольд Зомерфельд](https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4)
- [Арнолд Зомерфелд](https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4)
- [আর্নল্ড সমারফেল্ড](https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Άρνολντ Σόμμερφελντ](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%A3%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BD%CF%84)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [آرنولد زومرفلد](https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AF)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Arnold Sommerfeld](https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Wikiquote](https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Wikiquote](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Wikiquote](https://es.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Wikiquote](https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld)
- [Wikiquote](https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4_%D0%97%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4)

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