# Alexander Fleming

> He left a petri dish unwashed before a holiday, came back to find mould had killed the bacteria around it, and turned that accident into penicillin - the first antibiotic, the thing that made infection stoppable.

*Scottish biologist, pharmacologist, botanist, and Nobel laureate (1881-1955)*

**Canonical URL:** https://fame.am/person/alexander-fleming

## Identity
- **Profile type:** Scientist ([Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q39631))
- **Category:** Scientists
- **Country:** United Kingdom
- **Born:** 1881-08-06
- **Died:** 1955-03-11
- **Status:** deceased
- **Gender:** male

## Bio

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish physician and microbiologist who spent years studying bacteria when, in 1922, he discovered the enzyme lysozyme in his own nasal discharge, along with a bacterium he named Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Six years later, in 1928, he noticed that mould from the genus Penicillium rubens had contaminated a culture plate and killed the surrounding bacteria - what he'd stumbled onto was benzylpenicillin, later called penicillin G, a substance that would be described as "the single greatest victory ever achieved over disease". He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain for the discovery and its curative effects. Knighted in 1944, Fleming later appeared on Time's list of the 100 Most Important People of the 20th century, the BBC's 100 Greatest Britons, and was voted third greatest Scot behind Robert Burns and William Wallace.

## Fame
- **Popularity score:** 77.0 / 100
- **Momentum:** 3.5 / 100  (trend: STABLE)
- **Historical depth:** 27.3 / 100
- **Attention shift:** 16.1 / 100
- **Source confidence:** 60.0 / 100
- **Profile completeness:** 70.0 / 100

## Topics
#Scientists, #Doctor, #Medicine, #Biology, #United Kingdom, #Europe, #20th Century

## Timeline
- **1955** - Died
- **1954** - Honorary Doctor of the University of Bordeaux
- **1948** - Grand Cross of the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise
- **1948** - Honorary Doctor of the University of Madrid Complutense
- **1946** - Albert Medal
- **1945** - Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- **1945** - Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Paris
- **1944** - Knight Bachelor
- **1943** - Fellow of the Royal Society
- **1881** - Born

## Sources
- [Флеминг, Александр](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%2C_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [アレクサンダー・フレミング](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [亚历山大·弗莱明](https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E)
- [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Wikidata](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37064)
- [Pantheon 2.0](https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Alexander%20Fleming)
- [Аляксандар Флемінг](https://be_x_old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [الكسندر فلمنج](https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC)
- [Александр Флеминг](https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [ألكسندر فلمنج](https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [ئەلیکساندەر فلیمین](https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86)
- [Aleksandr Fleminq](https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Fleminq)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)
- [Αλεξάντερ Φλέμινγκ](https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%A6%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA)
- [Wikiquote](https://ar.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC)
- [Wikiquote](https://bg.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3)
- [Alexander Fleming](https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fleming)

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