# Fame.am profile — machine-readable export
# Canonical URL: https://fame.am/person/alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma
# Generated: 2026-08-31T15:50:48.421Z

schema: https://schema.org/Person
url: "https://fame.am/person/alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma"
name: "Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma"
slug: "alexander-farnese-duke-of-parma"
description: "The general Philip II sent to crush the Dutch revolt — and who nearly did. Farnese broke the rebellion's back in the 1580s, locking the south into Catholic Spanish rule and splitting the Low Countries for good. Contemporaries called him the best commander alive."
tagline: "Duke of Parma and Piacenza, lived (1545-1592); duke of Castro, man of government and military in the service of Spain"
image: "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Vaenius_-_Alexander_Farnese.png?width=1200"
gender: "male"
country:
  name: "Spain"
  isoCode: "ES"
category:
  name: "Politicians"
  slug: "politicians"
profileType:
  name: "Public Official"
  slug: "public-official"
birthDate: "1545-08-27"
deathDate: "1592-12-03"
livingStatus: "DECEASED"
scores:
  popularity:           54.68
  momentum:             0
  historical:           22.69164666666667
  currentAttention:     0
  sourceConfidence:     60
  profileCompleteness:  70
  trendDirection:       "STABLE"
ranks:
  global:   null
  country:  null
  category: null
tags:
  - name: "Politicians"
    slug: "politicians"
  - name: "Journalist"
    slug: "journalist"
  - name: "Politics"
    slug: "politics"
  - name: "Spain"
    slug: "spain"
  - name: "Europe"
    slug: "europe"
  - name: "Early Modern Era"
    slug: "early-modern-era"
sources:
  - url: "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312903"
    title: "Wikidata"
    type:  "WIKIDATA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma"
    title: "Wikipedia"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://pantheon.world/profile/person/Alexander%20Farnese%2C%20Duke%20of%20Parma"
    title: "Pantheon 2.0"
    type:  "DATABASE"
  - url: "https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farneze_(Parma_hersoqu)"
    title: "Alessandro Farneze (Parma hersoqu)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8D_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96)"
    title: "Алесандра Фарнезэ (герцаг Пармскі)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5_(%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0)"
    title: "Алесандро Фарнезе (Парма и Пиаченца)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(1545-1592)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_I_de_Parma"
    title: "Alexandre I de Parma"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(1545%E2%80%931592)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (1545–1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_af_Parma"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese af Parma"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(1545%E2%80%931592)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (1545–1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BE%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A6%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%B6%CE%B5_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82"
    title: "Αλέξανδρος Φαρνέζε της Πάρμας"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Farnese%2C_Duke_of_Parma"
    title: "Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro_Farnesio_(duque_de_Parma)"
    title: "Alejandro Farnesio (duque de Parma)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese%2C_Parma_hertsog"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese, Parma hertsog"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandro_Farnese_(1545-1592)"
    title: "Alexandro Farnese (1545-1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%87"
    title: "الساندرو فارنزه"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Farn%C3%A8se_(1545-1592)"
    title: "Alexandre Farnèse (1545-1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(duque_de_Parma)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (duque de Parma)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%94%2C_%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%94"
    title: "אלסנדרו פארנזה, דוכס פארמה"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(1545%E2%80%931592)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (1545–1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese_(1545-1592)"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Farnese"
    title: "Alessandro Farnese"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%8D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BC_(%E3%83%91%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E5%85%AC)"
    title: "アレッサンドロ・ファルネーゼ (パルマ公)"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%94"
    title: "ალესანდრო ფარნეზე"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A"
    title: "ألساندرو فارنيزي"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"
  - url: "https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89"
    title: "الساندرو فارنيزى"
    type:  "WIKIPEDIA"

# bio (long form, separated for readability)
bio: |
  Alexander Farnese was born in 1545, nephew to Spain's Philip II. He fought at Lepanto in 1571, then against the Ottomans with the Holy League. In 1578 he took command in the Netherlands, where Dutch rebels had been bleeding Spain for years. Over the next decade he reversed their gains, recapturing city after city through siege craft and diplomacy, peeling away the southern provinces and fixing the divide that would become Belgium. He also relieved Paris for the Catholic League during France's religious wars and tipped the Cologne War to Ernest of Bavaria. The 1588 Armada was supposed to ferry his Army of Flanders to England; the fleet never reached him. He died in December 1592, still campaigning, still unmatched.